This can fit to the losses in piping systems apparatus or be used by itself fitted to a wall and connected to a hydraulic bench. Theory the kinetic energy of a mass m moving with speed v, is defined as ke mv2 2. You are now on page free energy experiments free energy. An understanding of the basic principles of energy conservation, measurement, conversion and. Once the peaks are detected, use the point analysis tool to pinpoint the exact time the ball passes each sensor. Download file to see previous pages the paper shows the results that have been obtained for three different runs and this will be important in obtained different results that will be crucial for computation of the different values of the k loss coefficient. Oct 04, 2015 pressure loss due to fluid friction in a pipeline video 1 khan academy talent search duration. The manometer measures the pressure drop due to the pipe. Fluid mechanics for engineers lab report example topics. Within this context, we find this experiment pedagogically useful to introduce the bernoulli equation for real flows to beginner students. Frictional loss is that part of the total head loss that occurs as the fluid flows through straight pipes. Once the time has expired for all trophic levels, record your data and reset the experiment. Two types of energy loss predominate in fluid flow through a pipe network. If you are not at all familiar with basic electronics, you might find it easier to follow parts of this chapter if you read chapter 12 first.
A full description of the apparatus is given later in these texts. In this experiment, minor head losses through a pipe section that has several bends, transitions, and fittings will be measured. The head loss at a sudden contraction is given by the expression. Erosion is a leading cause of failure of oil and gas pipelines and fittings in fluid handling industries. This table can be found in most good textbooks on fluid mechanics. Deflection and stresses in solar central receivers. Generally speaking, hydraulic control systems can be divided into two different driving concepts. It was concluded that the longer and more gradual turn in an elbow caused a lower minor loss coefficient k0.
The minor losses were found by calculated the pressure drops across various pipe fittings on the edibon energy losses in bends module. Experimental analysis of fluid mechanical energy losses in. The thermal conductivity for copper in a cylindrical bar was calculated to be 452. These losses are usually converted into head reductions in the direction of the flow. Different approaches have been used to control or minimize damage caused by erosion in particulated gassolid or liquidsolid flows. When performing these experiments, feel free to explore by trying different circuit construction. Description air bleed screw bbow bernd short bend long bend 6 flow control valve. May 21, 20 how closely the inverse hexagonal phasederived mechanical properties reflect the behavior of the nearly flat layers in the cell is a difficult question to answer experimentally because of the unique nature of the experimentthe phase cannot be formed from any lipid composition, and only high curvatures can be explored and then extrapolated. Heat loss experiment this resource takes the class through the stages of writing a science experiment and teaches learners how to write instructions. F122 energy losses in bends and fittings perrytech. Energy absorption and bending stiffness in cfrp laminates. It is proven that the higher velocity along the smooth bore pipe, the higher is the head loss of water. Work and energy goals to apply the concept of work to each of the forces acting on an object pulled up an incline at constant speed. The data collected using the behr freefall apparatus in the previous experiment will be used.
An experimental investigation of flow energy losses in openchannel expansions azita najafinejadnasser channel expansions are common in both natural and engineered open channels. An experimental investigation of flow energy losses in. The normal stress varies linearly along the length of the beam as across a transverse section. Effect of bend radius on magnitude and location of erosion. Energy losses in pipe flows are the result of friction between the fluid and the pipe walls and internal friction between fluid particles. Energy plays the central role in the workings of our environment and it is the source of many of our environmental problems. During the impact, the resistive force exerted by the sample on the striker is measured as a function of time and stored for subsequent display and analysis. Determine the maximum value of the stresses in the beam. The experiment allows us to thoroughly test the implications of the model and to extract the relevant parameter associated with the energy losses. Pressure loss due to fluid friction in a pipeline video 1 khan academy talent search duration. If we apply bernoullis equation including losses to our system and take into account that the pressure at the free surface and at the exit ori. F122 energy losses in bends and fittings perrytech educational. The cylindrical case is relevant to this work because a. Energy losses in bends introduction energy losses in pipe flows are the result of friction between the fluid and the pipe walls and internal friction between fluid particles.
Energy losses in fittings live experiment 2015 youtube. When performing these experiments, feel free to explore by trying different circuit construction and measurement techniques. Tecquipment h16 losses in piping systems sudden contraction. Adams generator continued means of propulsion for a flying disk ufo. The data obtained will also be used to plot a graph of head loss versus dynamic head. Hysteresis in magnetic materials objectives this experiment illustrates energy losses in a transformer by using hysteresis curves. Pdf an experimental investigation of a new method for. They connect a relatively narrow upstream section of. The receiver analysed, with a nominal thermal power of 120 mw, is a cylindrical external tubular receiver of 10 m high h and 8. Head loss summary head loss is the reduction in the total head sum of potential head, velocity head, and pressure head of a fluid caused by the friction present in the fluids motion. The specific hydraulic model that we are concerned with for this experiment is the energy. Download fulltext pdf an experimental investigation of a new method for protecting bends from erosion in gassolid flows article pdf available in journal of thermal science 92. Click on the tool and drag the yellow dotted vertical line to the beginning of the peaks.
Theory the energy balance between two points in a pipe can be described by the bernoulli equation, given by p1 v2 p v2 z1 1 2 z2 2 hl, 2g. It is becoming increasingly obvious, however, that the impact of the obstruction on the left ventricle is equally important in assessing its severity and could potentially be influenced by geometric. Refer to appendix 2 for details on contributing to this book. In general, the friction factor is a function of the reynolds number and the nondimensional surface roughness, ed. The cylindrical frame is surrounded by 18 vertical panels np, each one of them being constituted by 62 tubes nt that are connected by an inlet and outlet collector. Experimental study of bernoullis equation with losses. Effect of bend radius on magnitude and location of erosion in. In this experiment the thermal conductivity was measured for a copper bar and the temperature distributions were drawn for both a cylindrical and tapered bar and we get the following conclusions. Experimental research has been done by fixing ribs in the range of 10 70 on the outerwall of inside 90bend. An experimental investigation of flow energy losses in open. Minor secondary head losses occur at any location in a pipe system where streamlines are not straight, such as at pipe junctions, bends, valves, contractions, expansions, and reservoir inlets and outlets. Minor secondary head losses occur at any location in a pipe system where streamlines are not straight, such as at pipe junctions, bends, valves, contractions, expansions, and reservoir inlets.
The lesson learned with this experiment was the energy losses in pipes due to different fittings. Heat loss experiment teacher notes 1 free resources for. Thermodynamic study of a reaction determination of k sp. Losses in bends fittings pressure measurement scribd. The data collected using the behr free fall apparatus in the previous experiment will be used. Abstract this experiment of the friction loss along a smooth pipe shows that there are existence of laminar and transitional flows as stated in graph 2. Energy losses in pipes used for the transportation of fluids water, petroleum, gas, etc. Bend erosion is a fairly serious problem in conveyer pipe system.
In this experiment you will determine the solubility product constant ksp of borax, na 2 b 4 o 5 oh 4 10h 2 o, a slightly soluble sodium salt, in water at two different temperatures and evaluate the. Energy losses in bends pressure measurement scribd. Energy losses in pipe flow major energy loss due to friction minor energy losses a. Get an answer for evaluate the experiment below, identifying energy loss and errors, and access their effect on the efficiency. In this experiment you will determine the solubility product constant ksp of borax, na 2 b 4 o 5 oh 4 10h 2 o, a slightly soluble sodium salt, in water at two. The first one is the wellknown valvecontrolled system and the second one is. For flow in a circular pipe, an expression for the head loss due to skin friction can be developed by applying the principles of conservation of energy and linear momentum 1. The energy losses in bends and fittings accessory permits losses in different bends to be demonstrated. They connect a relatively narrow upstream section of channel with a large downstream section of channel. To compare the total work on an object to the change in its kinetic energy as a. Major losses are associated with frictional energy loss that is caused by the viscous effects of the medium and roughness of the pipe wall. Experiment 107 energy losses in pipes references munson, funtals of fluid mechan mounted vertically on the rig and is instrumeated us constant head tank and the inlet to the tank is con nected to the bench supply.
Mechanics of materials edition beer johnston dewolf 11 17 example 11. It includes a pipe with a roughened internal bore, and pressure tapping points connected to a manometer. As a result, the experiment got antierosion efficiency. Energy losses when a fluid is flowing through a pipe, the fluid experiences some resistance due to which some of the energy of the fluid is lost. Current methods for assessing the severity of aortic stenosis depend primarily on measures of maximum systolic pressure drop at the aortic valve orifice and related calculations such as valve area. Solid particle erosion is a mechanical process that removes material by the impact of solid particles entrained in the flow. The specific hydraulic model that we are concerned with for this experiment is the energy losses in bends and fittings rig, f122. This paper intends to introduce a new antierosion method for bend. The first one is the wellknown valvecontrolled system and the second one is the pumpcontrolled. Introduction technical data the following dimensions from the equipment are used in the appropriate calculations. Getting started the first series of experiments will deal with energy. A photograph of the instrumented drop impact striker is shown in fig. Understand the parameters and characteristics of thermodynamic systems polytropic processes.
Major losses the major head loss in pipe flows is given by equation 3. The experiment was quite interesting, yet this handson approach lesson will help us succeed in the real engineering world as well. If required, these values may be checked as part of the experimental procedure and replaced with your own measurements. Head loss fluid flow summary the main points of this chapter are summarized below. Theoretical basics of energy losses in bends youtube. It is becoming increasingly obvious, however, that the impact of the obstruction on the left ventricle is equally important in assessing its severity and could. It includes a matching exercise for the equipment needed and slides on variables, safety precautions and writing a conclusion. Energy losses in fittings live experiment 2015 duration. The knowledge of data of such transformation allows the determination of the necessary power needed for the transportation of the. Thompson department of chemical engineering, university of cambridge, pembroke street, cambridge cb2 3ra, u. Objective the objectives of this lab are to measure head losses through bends, transitions, and fittings, and to use these measurements to estimate the loss coefficients for each transition or fitting.